The shaggy-haired flower stems are clear.

Primula vulgaris NS7042 20Apr09 MJP

The leaves taper gradually into the leaf stalk.

Primula vulgaris NS5858 21March22 PW

Each flower stalk has several flowers unlike P. vulgaris.

Primula veris NS7171 17May19 MP

Primula veris NS7171 17May19 MP-3

The leaf has a very obvious “shoulder” as it contracts into the leaf stalk.

Photo from Mick Crawley

The seed heads remain into the summer.

Primula veris NS7771 24Jun23 PW

Some of the flower stalks have more than one flower.

Primula veris x vulgaris = P. x polyantha NS5863 24Mar24 PW

The leaf has a slight concave slope towards the leaf stalk showing the influence of P. veris.

Photo from Mick Crawley

5Apr2016 NS7950 MP

You can confirm this is a true Oxlip not the hybrid as the calyx has dark mid-ribs. The hybrid has calyx with paler mid-ribs.

Primula elatior NS7949 16Apr20 MP

Primula juliae NT0022 05May2019 PW

This is the site on a damp rock face at 350m above sea level, beside a hill track above a reservoir.

Primula juliae NT0022 05May2019 PW

Primula species - Primroses, Oxlip and Cowslips

Primula vulgaris - Primrose

Some of the plants that we think are primroses are hybrids between P. vulgaris and P. veris. P. vulgaris has long shaggy hairs on the flower stalk which arises from the leaf rosette and a gradually tapering leaf.

Primula veris - Cowslip

These have short striaght hair on the flower stalk which bears several flowers. The leaf abruptly contracts into the leaf stalk with a clear shoulder.

Primula x polyantha - Polyanthus

This is the hybrid Primula veris x vulgaris and is commonly planted and escapes but can also arise naturally where they grow together. It is intermediate between the two parents. If there is more than one flower on any stems and the flowers are not facing up and are paler yellow rather than orange-yellow, check the leaves and look at the hairs.

Primula elatior - Oxlip

A rare, charming flower with some unsavoury taste, Oxlip loves to grow on cow dung. If you’re in East Anglia, look for them blooming in woodland in the spring, but in Lanarkshire they’ll have been planted, but may spread.

The flowers all face the same way unlike the flowers facing all ways in Cowslip which has deeper yellow flowers.

Primula juliae - Julia’s Primrose

This is represented in the county by one large patch growing up a sloping rock face in South Lanarkshire. It is probably a garden escape, but in such a remote area, it is a mystery as to how it arrived there. This is one of three UK sites, the other two sites are in Southern England and at least one is planted.

P. juliae was discovered by Julia Mloskossjewicz (or Mloskosewitsch), the daughter of the Polish aristocrat, botanist, and forest inspector Ludwig Mloskossjewicz, near wet stones eighty miles east northeast of Tiflis in the Eastern Caucasus on April 20 in 1900 or 1901. By 1916 it was available as seeds for gardeners in the UK.